I capolavori si stamperanno in 3D: copie identiche agli originali per tutti
Tra qualche anno chiunque avrà una Monna Lisa in salotto. Identica (o quasi) all’originale. Con tanto di pennellate in rilievo e vernice invecchiata dal tempo. Una copia così convincente da lasciare a bocca aperta gli ospiti e da ingannare persino un critico d’arte. È questo il futuro che ci aspetta grazie al lavoro odierno di Tim Zaman, un giovane ingegnere meccanico olandese. Il ragazzo – ricercatore presso la Delft University of Technology, in Olanda – ha trovato il modo di riprodurre i capolavori dell’arte moderna usando una stampante 3D (da 660 ppi) sviluppata dalla Océ, società che fa parte del gruppo Canon. “Siamo ancora lontani anni luce da una copia che si avvicini, per profondità e colori, all’originale” dice onestamente Zaman, ma i video e le immagini del suo lavoro su due dipinti – La sposa ebrea di Rembrandt e Fiori in vaso blu di Van Gogh – analizzati grazie alla disponibilità dei i musei in cui sono ospitati, farebbero impallidire Walter Benjamin, che già negli anni ’30 mise in dubbio il concetto di autenticità dell’opera d’arte “nell’epoca della sua riproducibilità tecnica”.
Per far rivivere su una nuova tela La sposa ebrea di Rembrandt, Tim Zaman ha utilizzato una strumentazione piuttosto semplice: due reflex da 40 megapixel con al centro un piccolo proiettore di luce strutturata. In pratica la luce “deformata” dalla superficie del quadro viene acquisita dalle due fotocamere, contribuendo nello stesso tempo alla cattura dei colori e – ancor più importante – della profondità del dipinto. Il risultato è una scansione tridimensionale dell’opera d’arte contraddistinta – nel caso della tela 160×120 cm di Rembrandt – da circa un miliardo di punti. Per visualizzare tale quantità di informazioni uno schermo non basterebbe: “Un miliardo di punti è superiore di 500 volte al tetto massimo di punti che uno schermo Full HD può mostrare” spiega Zaman. Da qui l’idea di visualizzarli attraverso una stampa in 3D, con la testina della stampante pronta a fare avanti e indietro per sovrapporre l’inchiostro.
“Abbiamo notato che caratteristiche come la lucentezza e la trasparenza, proprie di ogni dipinto, sono evidenti nell’originale, mentre noi non siamo in grado di riprodurle – scrive Zaman sul suo sito – In futuro lavoreremo per replicare anche queste. Il nostro obbiettivo primario, con queste copie, è quello di capire esattamente cosa esattamente guardiamo in un dipinto, e perché ci appare così. Finora abbiamo solo imparato che ci sono diversi elementi, a parte il colore e la topografia di un quadro, che hanno un’importanza notevole e che noi non afferriamo”. È innegabile, nonostante i nobili propositi illustrati da Zaman, che la stampa in 3D di capolavori dell’arte avrebbe, in futuro, un forte impatto non solo sul mercato – si pensi alle copie che potrebbero essere acquistate negli shop dei musei – ma anche sul lavoro di chi è impegnato quotidianamente nella restaurazione di opere più o meno importanti.
Sul web c’è già chi si sbizzarrisce con proposte più o meno realizzabili: “Copie perfette sarebbero utili per sostituire gli originali e mettere quest’ultimi al sicuro”, scrive qualcuno, subito corretto da un altro navigatore: “Semmai sarebbe utile disporre l’originale e la sua copia sulla stessa parete: uno da ammirare a debita distanza, l’altro da osservare da molto vicino – e magari anche toccare – per capire meglio la tecnica dell’artista”. Naturalmente c’è chi non vede di buon occhio la nuova tecnologia che mette a repentaglio l’autenticità delle opere. E chi, infine, si rammarica per un altro motivo: “E’ un peccato che Andy Wharol non sia più in vita, questa tecnica permette di realizzare tutto ciò che ha sempre cercato di fare con i suoi lavori. E consente di andare anche oltre”.
Fonte: LaRepubblica
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